雨水收集再利用城市雨洪調蓄系統

         雨水收集再利用城市雨洪調蓄系統設施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)涉及(ji)多目(mu)標（控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)污染(ran)(ran)、錯峰、回用(yong)等）、多尺(chi)度(du)和(he)(he)多形式，在(zai)(zai)《城市雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)工(gong)程技術規(gui)(gui)(gui)范》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)、綠地(di)廣場調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)、隧道調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)等多種；在(zai)(zai)《城鎮內澇防(fang)治技術規(gui)(gui)(gui)范》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),在(zai)(zai)源(yuan)頭(tou)子(zi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)、小(xiao)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)子(zi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)和(he)(he)大(da)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)子(zi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),也(ye)都(dou)有(you)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)設施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)從(cong)城市尺(chi)度(du)綜合(he)解(jie)決(jue)雨(yu)(yu)洪(hong)問題,并非(fei)單一(yi)(yi)形式、單一(yi)(yi)功能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)設施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)實現。因此必須有(you)一(yi)(yi)個調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清晰框架(jia),并合(he)理地(di)納入(ru)到當地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)防(fang)澇規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃”、綠地(di)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃、相關城市規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃和(he)(he)用(yong)地(di)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。圖(tu)1是(shi)從(cong)不同尺(chi)度(du)雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)度(du)給(gei)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城市雨(yu)(yu)洪(hong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)概化示(shi)意(yi)圖(tu)。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),小(xiao)尺(chi)度(du)(即在(zai)(zai)通常(chang)進入(ru)市政(zheng)管線前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獨(du)立用(yong)地(di)單元內)分(fen)散式調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu),以控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)流排(pai)放(fang)(fang)總量和(he)(he)污染(ran)(ran)、雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利用(yong)等功能(neng)(neng)為主(zhu),常(chang)用(yong)雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)池(chi)(chi)桶、生(sheng)物滯(zhi)留設施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等灰色及(ji)綠色源(yuan)頭(tou)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)設施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),針對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)降雨(yu)(yu)事件(jian)來設計設施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)尺(chi)度(du)(如進入(ru)市政(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區域)往(wang)往(wang)更(geng)側重于控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)流污染(ran)(ran)、防(fang)控(kong)(kong)內澇,常(chang)用(yong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)節池(chi)(chi)、儲蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)池(chi)(chi)、雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)濕地(di)和(he)(he)景觀水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)等設施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。大(da)尺(chi)度(du)(例(li)如城市、流域范圍(wei))除了要(yao)涵蓋前兩個尺(chi)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)和(he)(he)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)目(mu)標外,還需(xu)要(yao)考(kao)(kao)慮從(cong)更(geng)大(da)范圍(wei)和(he)(he)利用(yong)終端設施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)來控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)超常(chang)規(gui)(gui)(gui)暴雨(yu)(yu),往(wang)往(wang)還需(xu)要(yao)考(kao)(kao)慮采用(yong)大(da)型調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)節池(chi)(chi)、調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)隧道、多功能(neng)(neng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)公園或開放(fang)(fang)空(kong)間、泛洪(hong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)區等大(da)型設施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)才能(neng)(neng)實現其控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)效果,而(er)且,在(zai)(zai)這三個尺(chi)度(du)之間,也(ye)具有(you)十分(fen)復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耦(ou)合(he)和(he)(he)交又關系(xi)(xi),并不是(shi)截然分(fen)開。

城市雨洪調蓄系統示意圖：